Northern Gateway, Enbridge and Keystone Pipelines’ true purpose – grand theft fresh water.
Corruption, World news Friday, November 16th, 2012
Northern Gateway / Keystone fracking pipeline leak
US oil companies like ExxonMobil, Shell, Chevron and Anadarko cannot fabricate snake oil and toxic shale gas without a continuous supply of fresh fracking water. The Canadian fresh water supply is a vital US oil interest as astronomical amounts of fresh water is needed for fracking the snake oil (bitumen a.k.a. asphalt tar) and toxic shale gas (known toxic carcinogenic chemicals are mixed with our finite supply of fresh potable water) from the rock beds below ground. Because of this, fresh water is flowing through the Northern Gateway / Enbridge / Keystone Pipelines, not Alberta snake oil (bitumen tar sludge) or Bakken formation (Williston Basin) oil. The color coded pipes of the pipeline exposes the clandestine purpose of the pipeline. Color coding is used to identify what fluid is flowing inside buried pipelines. Olive green pipes are being laid (buried) for the Northern Gateway pipeline. Olive green color coded pipes can only be used for transporting raw water, not for transporting hazardous material like oil and gas.
Obama speaking in CUSHING, Oklahoma Mar 23, 2012.
Behind him we can clearly see olive green color coded water pipes.
Enormous amounts of fresh water are used every day by oil and gas companies in hydraulic fracturing of gas and oil. Just how much is revealed by the Canadian Tar Sands strip mining operation in Alberta. According to the Alberta government – It takes 3-5 barrels of fresh water to fabricate (Invent or concoct something, typically with deceitful intent.) a single barrel of synthetic oil from the tar sands. (source – http://www.energy.alberta.ca/oilsands/791.asp#Water%20Usage). Because the Alberta Tar Sands operation is a strip “mining operation” it consumes twice that amount of fresh water. Again, according to the Alberta government – “In mining operations, 7.5 to 10 barrels of water is used for every barrel of SCO (Synthetic Crude Oil aka imitation or fake oil) produced.”
Fresh water is in very short supply throughout the United States. Not because of a fabricated Global warming threat that is falsely being used as an excuse for droughts but because oil and gas companies have dried up thousands of lakes, rivers and stream in the hydraulic fracturing of oil and gas. Each oil well in the United States that uses the technique known as hydraulic fracturing, requires about six million gallons of water just to break open rocks far below the surface and release oil and natural gas.
Because so much fresh water is needed to extract oil and gas the US Obama government and the Canadian Conservative government of Stephen Harper have agreed to construct a 3,456 km (2,147 mi) Northern Gateway / Keystone Pipeline from Canada to the United States. The official stated purpose is to transport synthetic crude oil and diluted (mostly water) bitumen from the Athabasca Oil Sands. But the true purpose of the Northern Gateway / Keystone Pipeline is to transport Canada’s supply of fresh water and the remaining US fresh water reserves to multiple oil and gas fracking and refining destinations in the United States. Canadian water and bitumen contaminated water will be transported to refineries in Illinois, to the Cushing oil distribution hub in Oklahoma, and to refineries and export terminals along the Gulf Coast of Texas.
Why is Stephen Harper, the BC government, the Alberta government and the BC Superior Court involved in the grand theft of Canada’s finite and precious fresh water supply? Mr. Brownlow, who has a Ph.D. in geochemistry, says it takes 407 million gallons to irrigate 640 acres and grow about $200,000 worth of corn on arid land. The same amount of water, he says, could be used to frack enough wells to generate $2.5 billion worth of oil. “No water, no frack, no wealth,” says Mr. Brownlow, who has leased his cattle ranch for oil exploration. So accordingly, greed is the motive for corruption by Stephen Harper, the BC government, the Alberta government and their appointed superior court judges.
“Energy production requires large amounts of water, and transporting water requires large amounts of energy,” said Danny Reible, the faculty lead at Cockrell School of Engineering’s water-energy nexus research and a professor in the Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering Department. “Moreover, many of our most sustainable energy choices, such as biofuels, seemingly have unsustainable demands for water. By ensuring our water future, we will reduce the number of limitations on our energy choices.” The first quoted statement is true as even the Alberta government admits to this fact. The second quoted statement is false. Biofuel is made naturally without using any water. Biofuel is made from a decaying biological material such as wood, grass, leaves and other dead plant material, animal feces, and kitchen waste, in the absence of oxygen.
Biogas is produced by the anaerobic digestion of biodegradable materials such as biomass, manure, sewage, municipal waste, green waste, plant material, and crops.Biogas comprises primarily methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) and may have small amounts of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), moisture and siloxanes. Anaerobic digestion uses no added water. Adding fresh water to the anaerobic process would impede and prevent the decomposition of the biodegradable material.
Pipe color coding Standards – Water Lines – Olive Green for Raw water. OIL – Golden Brown
Colour coding pipes is required to identify what fluid is flowing inside the pipelines.
The Northern Gateway / Keystone Pipelines were intentionally designed to connect it with more than 1,000 streams and rivers. In Montana, the Keystone pipeline would cross the Yellowstone River, a major tributary into the Missouri River and the longest undammed river in the lower 48 states. The river is of vital use for fishermen and recreationalists, and is a major irrigation source for farmers and ranchers.
The St. Clair River provides drinking water for millions in Southeast Michigan and the Enbridge pipeline runs under the river and is due to be replaced by the Keystone Pipeline. The St. Clair River drains into Lake St. Clair, the Detroit River, and Lake Erie.
The Keystone pipeline was intentionally designed to connect with the Ogallala Aquifer, one of the world’s largest freshwater aquifers that provides 30 percent of the ground water used for irrigation in the United States, and drinking water for millions of Americans. The aquifer covers areas in South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas.
The Keystone pipeline will cross the Mississippi River in Missouri, near the confluence of the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, and terminates just across the river in Illinois. The Enbridge pipelines already crosses the northern part of the Mississippi River in Minnesota.
The longest river on the continent and the route of the Lewis and Clark expedition, the Missouri is crossed by pipelines in numerous places, including by Keystone pipeline on the South Dakota-Nebraska border and the Kansas-Missouri border, by Enbridge pipelines in Missouri, and by the proposed Keystone pipeline in Montana, near the relatively isolated Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument.
The Keystone pipeline would cross the Red River on the Oklahoma Texas border. The Neches River is the last river in East Texas with abundant wildlife, clean water, scenic river vistas, and forests. The Keystone
pipeline would cross the Neches River in Texas.
Do you see why the Keystone Pipeline was intentionally designed to connect with all of the major fresh water reservoirs in the United States? If you want to physically see the connection between the Keystone pipeline and the stealing and transportation of fresh water look for new construction of pumping stations along the proposed pipeline’s route. Pumping stations will be built at these streams, rivers, lakes and aquifers and water from them will be taken and pumped into the pipeline and transported, illegally, to and throughout the United States where it will be used, not for drinking, cooking, cleaning or for life sustaining crop irrigation, but for hydraulic fracturing of gas and oil.
Hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, has revived dead or dying oil and gas companies in the U.S.. At the expense of wasting billions of barrels of life essential fresh drinking water. Fracking uses very toxic chemicals mixed with fresh drinking water to extract oil and gas. As soon as the chemicals are mixed with the water the water is forever contaminated and the tailings eventually contaminates all underground aquifers. Towns, cities, urban dwellings and farms get their fresh water from those underground aquifers. Where will the cities and town and urban dwelling people get their drinking water if the oil and gas companies consume all the water that is available in the streams, rivers, lakes and underground aquifers? Nowhere. It is just financially impossible to truck in water.
The biggest challenge to future oil and gas extraction is simply getting access to sufficient water. North Dakota, another heavy user of fresh water for hydraulic fracturing is quickly depleting aquifers and has actually threatened to sue the federal government to free up water held by an Army Corps of Engineers dam. Oil and gas companies are threatening to sue the US government for not providing them with the water that everyone in the state of North Dakota needs to survive. That is the true purpose of the Keystone Pipeline. Oil and gas companies threatening to sue “the people” of the United States so that they can continue to steal water from the United States people.
Short URL: https://presscore.ca/news/?p=6025
The Halifax International Security Forum was founded in 2009 as a propaganda program within the German Marshall Fund (founded June 5, 1972 by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt) by the Crown in Canada using Crown Corp ACOA & DND funds. The Halifax International Security Forum is a front that is used to recruit top US, UK and Canadian gov and military officials as double agents for Canada's WWI, WWII enemy and wage new Vatican Germany Cold War.
High Treason: s.46 (1) Every one commits high treason who, in Canada (c) assists an enemy at war with Canada, ..., whether or not a state of war exists". Every one who, in Canada assists Canada's enemies wage "piecemeal WWIII" Cold War by organizing, funding and participating in the Germany government politically and militarily benefitting / lead Halifax International Security Forum is committing high treason.
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1917 Code of Canon Law, Canon 185 invalidates (voids) all papacies since October 26, 1958 due to the fact Cardinal Giuseppe Siri was elected Pope on the Third ballot on Oct 26 1958 but the new Pope Gregory XVII was illegally prevented from assuming the office. A Pope was elected on October 26, 1958. Thousands of people witnessed a new Pope being elected by seeing white smoke and millions were informed by Vatican radio broadcasts beginning at 6:00 PM Rome time on October 26, 1958. The papacy of Francis, Benedict, John Paul II, John Paul I, Paul VI, John XXIII and any and all of their respective doctrines, bulls, letter patents and the Second Vatican Council are all invalidated (having no force, binding power, or validity) by Canon 185 because the 1958 conclave of cardinals elected Cardinal Giuseppe Siri Pope on Oct 26 1958. Cardinal Giuseppe Siri accepted the papacy by taking the name Pope Gregory XVII but was illegally prevented from assuming his elected office.. According to Canon 185 Cardinal Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli illegally assumed the papacy 2 days later by fraud and grave fear, unjustly inflicted against Cardinal Giuseppe Siri who was lawfully elected Pope Gregory XVII. Because no Pope has been lawfully elected since October 26, 1958 the Holy See (la Santa Sede/Seat) remains vacant.
Hold the Crown (alias for temporal authority of the reigning Pope), the Crown appointed Governor General of Canada David Lloyd Johnston, the Crown's Prime Minister (servant) Stephen Joseph Harper, the Crown's Minister of Justice and Attorney General Peter Gordon MacKay and the Crown's traitorous military RCMP force, accountable for their crimes of treason and high treason against Canada and acts preparatory thereto. The indictment charges that they, on and thereafter the 22nd day of October in the year 2014, at Parliament in the City of Ottawa in the Region of Ontario did, use force and violence, via the staged false flag Exercise Determined Dragon 14, for the purpose of overthrowing and besieging the government of Canada contrary to Section 46 of the Criminal Code. In a society governed by the rule of law, the government and its officials and agents are subject to and held accountable under the law. Sign the online 
Two of the most obvious signs of a dictatorship in Canada is traitorous Stephen Harper flying around in a "military aircraft" and using Canadian Special Forces "military" personnel from JTF2 and personnel from the Crown's traitorous martial law "military" RCMP force as his personal bodyguards.
Exposure to sour gas emissions is a daily reality for people living next to shale gas fracking sites. Shale gas fracking also causes sour gas to be released into the environment from the wells. Sour gas contains hydrogen sulfide. H2S is what makes natural gas smell like rotten eggs, and it is very toxic. In small volumes it can cause headaches, irritated eyes and even miscarriages. Exposure in larger volumes can cause sudden death for humans, livestock, birds and fish. Flocks of birds literally fall from the sky as a result of exposure to unflared sour gas emissions. Schools of fish suffocate in water as a result of gas fracking H2S seepage in streams, rivers and lakes.
Oil and gas companies usually flare (burn off) the sour gas but those that aren’t regulated or monitored by government or their agencies forgo flaring and just vent this very toxic, disease and cancer causing sour gas.
Sour gas is more often than not just vented at Corridor’s Penobsquis NB gas fracking wells. You know when they are venting unflared sour gas just by the rotten egg smell. Upon closer inspection of their sites you can see for yourself that they are just venting this very toxic and life threatening gas.
For gas companies and governments to market shale gas as cheap and environmentally friendly is totally fraud. Shale gas and Alberta snake oil exploration and fabrication come with a very detrimental price tag. The Canadian government is subsidizing both shale gas and Alberta snake oil exploration and fabrication. They are giving away Canada’s finite potable water supply to the oil and gas companies. The various levels of the Canadian government forces the Canadian people and their businesses to pay for metered water and yet oil and gas companies get unmetered water.
When people like you and I use water for essential life giving consumption that water is recycled by mother nature so that you and I can use it over and over again for generations after generations. When oil and gas companies use our finite supply of potable water that water is contaminated and becomes unfit for any human or animal use and consumption for generations after generations. That contaminated water then contaminates the Earth – its soil, its underground aquifers, its above ground water sheds, and its atmosphere. The oil and gas companies are poisoning both mankind and the Earth we live on. The ultimate cost of oil and gas exploration and fabrication is death – yours, mine and the Earth.
Corridor wells at PCS Penobsquis, NB potash mine.
The people of Southern New Brunswick Canada know all there is to know about the oil and gas fracking water theft. In 1997 the Cassidy Lake potash mine was abruptly put out of business and hundreds of miners lost their jobs as a direct result of Corridor Resources Inc. (Corridor) oil and shale gas exploration operations at the site. Corridor’s oil and shale gas exploration caused Cassidy Lake to flood the entire potash mine. Before Corridor flooded the Cassidy Lake mine the mine was producing 1.3 million tonnes of potash.
Then in 2003 Corridor oil and gas fracking operations in the nearby village of Penobsquis, NB dried up the area’s rivers, streams and private wells and triggered a fracking brine inflow problem (brine flooding) at the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (PCS) potash mine there. As a result of Corridor’s oil and gas fracking brine damage PCS has been forced into incurring heavy financial losses and the people of Penobsquis are forced to pay the New Brunswick government for water – water that Corridor stole.
The New Brunswick government under Shawn Graham added salt to the Penobsquis peoples’ injury by building a new water system in September 2009 and forced the local area residents to pay $400 in annual fees to pay for it, instead of Corridor. A representative from the province justified the Corridor water theft extortion racket scheme by stating that the the Department of Local Government is aware of the people of Penobsquis living without running water, but no one (except Corridor) can hook into the $9.2 million system for free because it costs money to operate, “We understand that (losing water) wasn’t their fault, but it’s not our fault either.” Actually it is the co-fault of the New Brunswick government. They facilitated the water loss (theft) with the issuance of oil and gas exploration licenses to Corridor. The NB government were well informed of what is involved in oil and shale gas exploration. The NB government knew and knows that astronomical amounts of fresh potable water is required and used in fracking. The NB government granted Corridor permission to use the local water supply for their fracking operations – free of charge – unmetered and unregulated. The NB government is now making the people of Penobsquis pay for Corridor’s potable water theft.
Soon after PCS was damaged by Corridor fracking operations PCS was forced to hire and use between 300 – 350 tanker trucks to haul Corridor’s snake oil and shale gas brine from the Penobsquis mine daily. Most of those tanker trucks hauled the toxic Corridor fracking brine to the flooded Cassidy Lake mine. The brine hauled to Cassidy Lake is a slurry of toxic chemicals and potash. The toxic slurry is deposited into open holding lagoons where the brine is taken off (mostly by evaporation) and the rest is pumped via the brine pipeline and “dumped” into the Bay of Fundy in the area of Giffin’s Pond just south of St. Martin’s. The remaining tanker trucks hauled the toxic brine to the company’s potash terminal in Saint John and dumped it untreated into the Bay of Fundy.
Today, November 16, 2012 PCS still has a Corridor fracking brine problem and the people of Penobsquis are still paying annually for water that was stolen from them. Today, instead of tanker trucks a New Brunswick taxpayer funded and built pipeline is transporting and dumping the highly toxic chemical laden fracking brine directly into the Bay of Fundy.
The same year former New Brunswick Premier Shawn Graham forced the people of Penobsquis to pay for water Corridor stole, his father, Allan Graham was appointed director of Petroworth, another oil and gas exploration company. http://www.petroworth.com/directors_and_advisors.htm
Corruption as defined by Canadian Law – http://www.icclr.law.ubc.ca/publications/reports/martinat.pdf
The Canadian Criminal Code is extensive in its coverage of corruption of officials of the governments of Canada and the provinces. The following are the primary offences dealing with the bribery of domestic public officials in Canada.
(1) FRAUDS ON THE GOVERNMENT
A bribe made to a public official in Canada to exercise influence or an act of omission in connection with government business is subject to a penalty of up to five years in prison. Section 121 is broad in scope and covers influence peddling. It prohibits bribes to or for the benefit of government officials by or on behalf of those who have dealings with the government.
(2) BRIBERY OF JUDICIAL OFFICERS, ETC.
Everyone who, “being the holder of a judicial office,” corruptly accepts or gives or offers any money or other valuable consideration in respect of anything to be done in his official capacity commits bribery. This offence is punishable by imprisonment for up to fourteen years. Section 119 covers the acceptance by or giving of bribes to holders of judicial offices or members of Parliament or of a provincial legislature.
(3) BRIBERY OF OFFICERS
Under Section 120, anyone who offers or accepts a bribe to a justice, police commissioner, peace officer, public officer, officer of a juvenile court, or employee in the administration of criminal law to facilitate the commission of an offence is guilty of an indictable offence. The punishment is imprisonment for up to fourteen years.
(4) OTHER DOMESTIC OFFENCES
Other forms of domestic public corruption provided for in the Criminal Code are: Breach of Trust by a Public Officer, Municipal Corruption, Selling or Purchasing Office, and Influencing or Negotiating Appointments or Dealing in Offices.
Because fresh water is in such short supply water is now being substituted with a very volatile and extremely toxic chemical. US oil companies are now fracking oil and shale gas using a LPG gel – developed by Chevron/Halliburton (HAL).
How volatile and toxic is LPG (propane or butane) gel fracking? The propane/butane gel is so extremely volatile that it can and has induced earthquakes. Add the fact that one sniff of the propane or butane gases can be fatal and you have a formula for death and mass destruction. National Poisons Centre toxicologists warn that propane and butane gas can cause drowsiness, suffocation, heart palpitations, temporary memory loss or death when inhaled, Because of this lethal fact Gasfrac – North American based well-fracturing company – has developed a number of automated and remotely operated fracking modules to undertake LPG fracking from a distance. In Gasfrac’s words “to minimize risks”. Canadians are now directly affected as Chevron, not the Canadian government, has awarded Gasfrac an exclusive licence to use the LPG gel in Canada.
As some of you may have noticed this article was originally written in April 2012. Thanks to the pipe color coding evidence recently submitted by a US State Department insider this article was updated and reposted.
In April, 2012 pipeline construction workers alerted PRESS Core that water will be flowing in the pipelines. PRESS Core was informed that everything about this pipeline construction was water export related. Environmental assessments were waived because water isn’t an environmental hazard or concern.
The rupture of TransCanada’s Bison pipeline on July 20, 2011 provided more evidence that the pipelines were being constructed to transport water and not oil or gas. A CBC news report provided supporting evidence. http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/story/2012/10/24/transcanada-pipelines-bison-explosion.html
You’d expect a major fireball and lots of black smoke from a natural gas pipeline explosion. The TransCanada’s Bison pipeline is suppose to be a natural gas pipeline yet the explosion produced no fireball. just “a massive cloud of dust into the air”. The blast was said to have been caused by “mechanical damage”.
The Northern Gateway pipeline is being constructed in violation of Canadian bulk water export laws.
Alberta – Water Act, R.S.A. 2000, c. W-3 as amended
For the purpose of promoting the conservation and management of water, including the wise allocation and use of water, a licence shall not be issued for the purpose of transporting water from the province outside Canada by any means, unless the licence is authorized by a special Act of the legislature (section 46(2)).
A licence shall not be issued that authorizes the transfer of water between major river basins in the province unless the licence is specifically authorized by a special Act of the legislature (section 47).
The Act defines a “major river basin” in section 1(1)(ff) to mean:
1. the Peace/Slave River Basin
2. the Athabaska River Basin
3. the North Saskatchewan River Basin
4. the South Saskatchewan River Basin
5. the Milk River Basin
6. the Beaver River Basin
7. the Hay River Basin
with boundaries as specified in the regulations.
BC – Water Protection Act, R.S.B.C. 1996, c. 484 as amended
A person must not remove water from British Columbia (section 5).
A person must not construct or operate a large-scale project capable of transferring water from one major watershed to another (section (6(1)).
The Act, in section 1(1), defines a “large-scale project” to mean a project to divert or extract a peak instantaneous flow of 10 cubic metres or more a second, but does not include a project that on 20 June 1995 was complete or in operation, or for which on that date site preparation had begun or the construction, installation or supply of buildings, equipment, machinery or other facilities had begun.
A “major watershed” is defined in section 1(1) to mean any of the following nine regions in British Columbia:
1. the Fraser Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Fraser River and its tributaries, and includes the area inside and outside the boundaries of the Greater Vancouver Regional District that is drained by streams and their tributaries contained in whole or in part within the boundaries of the Greater Vancouver Regional District
2. the MacKenzie Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the MacKenzie River and its tributaries
3. the Columbia Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Columbia River and its tributaries
4. the Skeena Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Skeena River and its tributaries
5. the Nass Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Nass River and its tributaries
6. the Stikine Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Stikine River and its tributaries
7. the Taku Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Taku River and its tributaries
8. the Yukon Watershed, comprising the area that drains into the Yukon River and its tributaries
9. the Coastal Watershed, comprising the rest of British Columbia
Gas companies tap reserves of shale gas by injecting water and toxic chemicals under high pressure to fracture the shale, a process known as fracking. The fluids that emerge in the process have the potential to poison rivers and drinking water. Gas companies drill separate disposal wells to dump these very toxic fluids.
How dangerous is oil and gas fracking? In July 2011, the Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission voted to ban wells for the disposal of natural gas drilling fluids in the region where hundreds of earthquakes have struck and thousands of birds and fish have died. Officials said the ban was necessary to prevent a potential catastrophe. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/27/natural-gas-arkansas-commission-shut-down-wells_n_911541.html
There you have it – Oil and gas fracking can cause a catastrophe.
With a moratorium, oil and gas companies would have to truck the toxic fluids to injection wells elsewhere in Arkansas or in Oklahoma or Texas, Commission Deputy Director Shane Khoury told The Associated Press after Wednesday’s vote. About 730 disposal wells are active in the state, he said.
The commission pinpointed four disposal wells in central Arkansas that it said needed to be closed to prevent earthquakes. Those disposal wells created a new fault system that has spawned dozens of earthquakes. A magnitude 4.7 earthquake in February 2011 near Greenbrier was the most powerful to hit the state in 35 years.
After two of the four disposal wells stopped operating in March 2011, there was a sharp decline in the number of earthquakes. In the 18 days before the shutdown, there were 85 quakes with a magnitude 2.5 or greater, but there were only 20 in the 18 days following the shutdown of 2 of the 4 disposal well, according to the state Geological Survey.
So what are they telling you? The Arkansas Oil and Gas Commission investigated and determined that oil and gas fracking causes earthquakes. They found evidence to support their findings and as a result oil and gas companies were ordered to shutdown wells- just 4 wells out of 730. The solution to stopping and preventing earthquakes and a potentially catastrophic earthquake is to ban all oil and gas fracking – shut all of them down.
New Madrid Fault earthquake map. Overlay a map of oil and gas fracking and you have a link between fracking and earthquakes.
A new report by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) says that the increased seismic activity taking place in certain areas of the United States is almost certainly the result of oil and gas drilling activities. The USGS has been studying hundreds of earthquakes across the United States for the last eight months and determined that the man-made quakes were taking place in aeas where fracking or deep waste water injection had recently occurred.
“The acceleration in activity that began in 2009 appears to involve a combination of source regions of oil and gas production, including the Guy, Arkansas region, and in central and southern Oklahoma. Horton, et al. (2012) provided strong evidence linking the Guy, AR activity to deep waste water injection wells. In Oklahoma, the rate of M >= 3 events abruptly increased in 2009 from 1.2/year in the previous half-century to over 25/year. This rate increase is exclusive of the November 2011 M 5.6 earthquake and its aftershocks. A naturally-occurring rate change of this magnitude is unprecedented outside of volcanic settings or in the absence of a main shock, of which there were neither in this region. While the seismicity rate changes described here are almost certainly manmade, it remains to be determined how they are related to either changes in extraction methodologies or the rate of oil and gas production.” ~ seismosoc.org
The USGS points out the obvious fact that has been ignored by the industry – these earthquakes are occurring in areas where earthquakes shouldn’t be happening. Why deny the correlation? Liability. Anyone who has suffered property damage as a result of these man made earthquakes can sue the oil and gas companies. Insurance companies would have to pay out if it is proven that the earthquakes were not natural but man made – the direct result of oil and gas fracturing.
Nearly 500 earthquakes shook the small town of Guy, Arkansas the last four months of 2010, starting in September 2010.
The State issued a moratorium on oil and gas drilling in the area while the USGS and others investigated a possibility the quakes were generated by deep underground disposal of oil and gas production waste water – oil and gas fracturing.
Guy, Arkansas residents Blame Natural Gas Drilling Process http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vMFYndOpWqs
In a 2009 speech before the Peace River Environmental Society, Canadian Geologist Jack Century provided a brief explanation of how oil and gas fracking induces earthquakes, completely refuting industry denial that fracking causes quakes. He showed that fracking induces not only micro and mini seismic actions that can compromise the integrity of well casings, but also large earthquakes registering on the order of 5 to 7 on the Richter Scale, resulting in human deaths as well as animal life death.
An oil and gas fracturing induced earthquake of whatever scale can release a stream or cloud of gas and very toxic fracking chemicals which explains why thousands of birds literally dropped dead in Beebe, Arkansas, on January 1, 2011 – they succumbed to the deadly toxic fumes.
Eight measured quakes within 40 miles of Beebe, hit the area on December 30 thru several minutes past midnight on January 1st.
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/seqs/events/nm022811a/
1.7 Arkansas 35.278°N, 92.338°W, 4.7km depth Sat, Jan 1 2011 0:49 UTC
Sat, Jan 1 2011 0:49 at epicenter
2.3 Arkansas 35.290°N, 92.332°W, 3.0km depth Fri, Dec 31 2010 23:44 UTC Fri, Dec 31 2010 23:44 at epicenter
2.3 Arkansas 35.308°N, 92.333°W, 4.2km depth Fri, Dec 31 2010 2:48 UTC
Fri, Dec 31 2010 2:48 at epicenter
2.3 Arkansas 35.298°N, 92.335°W, 2.8km depth Fri, Dec 31 2010 0:55 UTC
Fri, Dec 31 2010 0:55 at epicenter
2.1 Arkansas 35.302°N, 92.334°W, 3.6km depth Thu, Dec 30 2010 23:54 UTC Thu, Dec 30 2010 23:54 at epicenter
2.3 Arkansas 35.316°N, 92.325°W, 2.1km depth Thu, Dec 30 2010 23:51 UTC Thu, Dec 30 2010 23:51 at epicenter
2.0 Arkansas 35.287°N, 92.335°W, 3.2km depth Thu, Dec 30 2010 7:58 UTC Thu, Dec 30 2010 7:58 at epicenter
2.2 Arkansas 35.284°N, 92.333°W, 3.6km depth Thu, Dec 30 2010 7:56 UTC Thu, Dec 30 2010 7:56 at epicenter
Officials denied any connection with the earthquakes. Instead they attributed their mass deaths to fireworks – “frightened” to death by fireworks – but after bird specimens were collected and tested the cause of death was poison. To deflect cause of death away from the local oil and gas fracturing the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), stating that its officials had poisoned the birds.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1349190/US-government-admits-poisoning-200-birds-fell-dead-sky-South-Dakota.html
The localized earthquakes caused oil and gas fracking chemicals to be released into the air, killing thousands of birds. In the old days miners use to take birds underground with them to alert them of a gas leak. Toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, methane or carbon dioxide in the mine would kill the bird before affecting the miners. Signs of distress from the bird indicated to the miners that conditions were unsafe. The mass dying of birds coincided with the oil and gas fracking induced earthquake. This also accounts for 100,000 fish dying in the Arkansas River at the very same time, 125 miles from the town of Beebe, Arkansas. Were the fish “frightened” to death by fireworks too?
Map of the routes for the Enbridge Gas Pipeline, the Keystone Pipeline, and the Keystone XL pipeline from Canada, through the US, to Texas. Notice how the Enbridge pipeline already hooks up with all of the Great Lakes and then proceeds down through the US to join up with the Keystone pipelines. The Keystone pipeline and the proposed Keystone XL pipeline were intentionally designed and built to make a connection with the Ogallala Aquifer. Intentionally is proven by the fact that the pipeline isn’t being built to go straight from Canada to Texas. The shortest distance between to points is a straight line. If the intent was to transport Canadian fake oil to the US why go thousands of miles off course and hook up with all of the major water reservoirs? Because it isn’t oil that is being transported by pipeline, it’s fresh water.
Click on the image below to enlarge the view size.
Notice that Canada’s largest city, Toronto, does not benefit from any of the pipelines nor does Canada’s second largest city, Montreal Quebec even though the Enbridge Pipeline is freely feeding off of the fresh water reservoirs (Lake Ontario and the St Lawrence Seaway) they rely on to survive. Canada’s 4 largest cities will not benefit from the pipelines. Not Vancouver, BC which is Canada’s 3rd largest city. Not even the capital of Canada, Ottawa, Canada’s 4th largest city. The 12,956,937 Canadians who live in those 4 largest Canadian cities are being robbed of their essential supply of fresh water. Robbed because they are getting nothing in return for the water that is being “taken” by Enbridge Gas and oil and gas company TransCanada (the company that is building and owns the Keystone Pipelines).
Canada is the largest single owner of fresh water resources in the world. This vast abundance of water has prompted some (mainly US oil and gas companies) to advocate its export to water-poor regions, primarily oil and gas fracking poor, regions of the United States. The debate over whether to export water from Canada has continued over the past three decades. Although the federal government’s policy officially opposing large-scale exports has been in place since 1987, public fears nevertheless continue. These fears have been heightened by concerns of critics over the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and its predecessor, the Canada-United States Free Trade Agreement (FTA), which were not in place when the debate over water exports began.
However, the governments of Canada, the United States and Mexico have expressly stated that the NAFTA does not apply to water in its natural state. The three NAFTA countries clearly stated in their joint declaration of December 1993 that the NAFTA does not apply to water in its natural state in lakes, rivers, etc., because the water has not at that point “entered into commerce and become a good” for purposes of the NAFTA.
On 25 August 1988, the then Minister of the Environment, the Hon. Tom McMillan, tabled in the House of Commons Bill C-156, the Canada Water Preservation Act.(3) The Minister stated that he was tabling the bill to give legal force to the federal government’s commitment, expressed in its water policy announced in November 1987, that it would oppose large-scale water exports from Canada. Within weeks of its introduction and before it could be considered by a parliamentary committee, the bill died on the Order Paper when Progressive Conservative majority Prime Minister Brian Mulroney dissolved Parliament (Conservatives are famous for disrupting, proroguing, willfully acting in contempt of and dissolving the Parliamentary process when it conflicts with their pro-American agenda) on October 1, 1988.
According to investigative journalist and author of the book “On the Take: Crime, Corruption and Greed in the Mulroney Years”, Stevie Cameron “There was plenty of crime and a record number of Tory politicians, lobbyists and their associates under police investigation, charged or convicted; the system of contracts and appointments was utterly corrupt; the greed was extraordinary and blatant.”
Had Bill C-156 been enacted into law, it would have prohibited the export from Canada of outright large-scale freshwater exports, such as those involving inter-basin transfers between river systems, and strictly regulated small-scale exports, such as those involving shipments by tanker or pipeline. Very small-scale exports, such as water used in manufactured goods and bottled or packaged water, would not have been affected by the legislation.
The people of Penobsquis, New Brunswick can tell the US people what will happen to hundreds of communities throughout the US, if the Keystone Pipeline is allowed to be built.
In 2000 and 2001, the first two natural gas wells were drilled in Penobsquis. They were allegedly drilled because a local potash mining operation run by PotashCorp was looking for a place to pump the water that was flowing into their mine – instead they found gas. These two gas wells now provide natural gas to the Penobsquis Potash Corp Mine. The gas wells were drilled in conjunction with Corridor Resources, a junior oil and gas company.
In 2004, the drilling of several more gas wells immediately coincided with the loss of water at several Penobsquis homes. Several homeowners found no water or muddy water the next time they went to their taps for water. The process used to extract gas from wells, hydraulic fracturing (fracking), was and is used at those gas wells adjacent to the potash mine workings. This process, which creates cracks in rock to let the gas out, caused underground aquifer water to start to drain into the potash mine. The cap rock over the potash mine workings was more brittle than expected and was cracked due to the oil and gas well fracking. Because the aquifer is less than 150m (492ft) from the surface and as this aquifer is being drained faster than it is being recharged it is resulting in the ground settling or subsiding.
More than 60 water wells and springs have been lost over several years in Penobsquis. Why? Because oil and gas well fracking of Corridor Resources’ 30 gas wells caused the draining of their water supply. Oil and gas fracking caused the cap rock over the potash mine to crack and allow local area residence well water to flow into the mine. Just how much water is pouring into the potash mine because of oil and gas fracking? Originally, the water leakage was hauled away by about 300 fossil fuel guzzling tractor trailer loads – everyday. In 2010, a brine pipeline was constructed to allegedly pump the flood water away, but it still appears that truckloads of water are being hauled away approximately every 5-6 minutes. Why are they still trucking water away? The brine pipeline wasn’t constructed to pump water out of the mine it was constructed to inject brine water into the gas wells and extract the natural gas. Brine water is used because it has a higher densities than fresh water but lacks solid particles that might damage producible formations. Most of the injected fluid is salt water (brine). Salt (sodium chloride) is a waste by-product of all potash mining. Get it yet? The gas wells were intentionally drilled near the potash mine – free water supply and free salt supply. Add salt from the potash mine to the fresh water from the Penobsquis residents’ well water and you have oil and gas extracting brine. The gas well extraction using brine water injection into the wells is the root cause of both the mine flooding and the loss of water for its Penobsquis neighbors.
For 8 years now, Penobsquis residents have been forced to have their water trucked to their homes at taxpayer expense, with bottled water being provided by PotashCorp as “good corporate citizens”.
Penobsquis residents are now burdened with another major hardship – drastically reduced property value. Because of the oil and gas brine water injecting no one in Penobsquis can sell their homes now. Who is going to buy a property that has no water? Their properties are worthless without the water that the gas company stole.
Ask the Penobsquis residents if they have been affected by oil and gas fracking. You can contact them directly through their website “The Concerned Citizens of Penobsquis” – http://www.penobsquis.ca/ . The Concerned Citizens of Penobsquis is a community organization, formed to seek justice and compensation for the damage caused by the potash mine. Today, the group is taking on the impacts of both potash mining and natural gas exploration and fracking in our rural community.
The Concerned Citizens of Penobsquis do not want to see what happened to them happen anywhere else. “We feel that mining interests should not be allowed to come to a community and create irreversible damage, and have residents bear the cost of that damage.”
There is another major threat to the environment and mankind posed by hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas – earthquakes. Induced earthquakes in oil and gas production has been observed ever since the 1930s, i.e., ever since the large scale extraction of fossil fuels began. The most famous early instance was in Wilmington, California, where the oil production triggered a series of damaging earthquakes. In this instance the cause of the earthquakes were due to rapid extraction of oil without replacement of fluids – i.e. water. Once this was realized the oil extraction process was changed with fresh water being injected to mitigate the probability of triggering earthquakes. Ever since then the oil and gas industry has adopted these practices to mitigate earthquakes, but also mitigate damage to the oil wells in the producing field (wells would be sheared off in the subsurface as subsidence occurred).
In the last decade a number of examples on earthquake activity related to oil and gas production as well as injection of water under high pressure have been observed, although not with as serious consequences as for Wilmington. Almost all induced earthquakes associated with petroleum extraction can be traced to either water injection or extraction. In some recent cases injection of produced water (permanently contaminated water produced by injecting fresh water in oil and gas extraction) has produce significant seismic activity. Examples are in Colorado and Texas where gas and oil production uses extremely large amounts of water that must be put injected underground to replace the extracted oil and gas. In some cases the water cannot be put back exactly where it was produced and over pressurization of the water causes induced earthquakes.
In South Texas, tensions rose as oil and gas companies scrambled to lock up water supplies to drill natural-gas and oil wells. All across the state, oil and gas companies have been on a buying spree, snapping up rights to scarce river water – easily outbidding traditional users such as farmers and cities. Led by Exxon Mobil Corp. all oil and gas companies are now drilling water wells, three times as many as they did five years ago. They are even tapping into municipal water systems, though dried out cities have begun cutting them off.